・The EPA released its final “Technology Transitions” rule to reduce HFC use from 2025 to 2028.
・New HVAC and refrigeration systems must shift to low-GWP alternatives where available.
・Refrigerants must have a GWP under 150 for most refrigeration and under 700 for AC and heat pumps.
・Proposed rules also aim to cut HFC leaks and promote recycling and reclamation.
・By 2028, most new appliances must use 100% reclaimed refrigerants, supporting a circular economy.
New EPA rule accelerates the transition to low-GWP refrigerants, reshaping the future of cooling and heating technologies across the U.S.
In a major step to combat climate change, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has finalized a new regulation under the American Innovation and Manufacturing (AIM) Act to phase down hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)—potent greenhouse gases widely used in cooling systems. The rule, known as the “Technology Transitions” final rule, sets strict limits on the use of high-global warming potential (GWP) HFCs in new refrigeration, air conditioning, and heat pump systems between 2025 and 2028.
The regulation mandates that most refrigeration systems must use refrigerants with a GWP of 150 or less, while air conditioners and heat pumps must switch to alternatives with a GWP below 700. These standards mirror California’s stringent HFC policies and are expected to accelerate the shift to climate-friendly refrigerants, including natural refrigerants like CO₂, propane, and ammonia.
In addition, the EPA introduced a set of proposed rules focused on reducing leaks from HVAC systems and improving the recovery, recycling, and reclamation of HFCs. These proposed measures will undergo public review, with a 60-day comment period following publication in the Federal Register.
Under the AIM Act, the U.S. has committed to cutting HFC consumption by 40% by 2024 and 85% by 2036. The proposed rules go a step further by requiring that, starting in 2028, most new appliances use 100% reclaimed refrigerant. This move is poised to revolutionize equipment design, encourage circular practices in the HVAC industry, and help companies meet long-term climate targets.